祁连山区气候变化与流域径流特征研究

The Impact of temperature and precipitation on the streamflow in the middle part of the Qilian Mountains,Northwestern China

用气候学、水文学及统计学方法,分析了国家级祁连山森林生态站长期定位监测数据,气温、降水对流域径流的影响关系,据此研究了该流域水热条件下流域径流,分析得出试验流域多年平均降水量为354.3mm,年平均气温为1.6℃,年平均出山径流为118.2mm,径流系数为0.33;随着季节温度的升高,径流量呈增加之势,反之亦然;随季节降水量的增加,径流量同时也呈增加的趋势。研究表明了温度、降水与流域出山径流量密切相关,为不同季节气候变化对流域径流的影响提供科学依据。

Long time series of location observation data in National Qilian Mountain Forest Ecosystem Station were analyzed using climatology theory,hydrological principles and statistical methods. The relations among temperature,precipitation and runoff amount were derived,which were used to study the alpine streamflow in this watershed hydrothermal condition. In this experimental basin,mean annual precipitation,mean annual temperature,average alpine streamflow and mean runoff coefficient is 354. 3mm,1. 6℃,118. 2mm and 0. 33 respectively. Two conclusions were derived： runoff increased with seasonal temperature; associating with increasing of seasonal precipitation,runoff has an increase trend. Study shows that temperature and precipitation have a close correlation with alpine streamflow. It can provide scientific evidence for how seasonal climate changes affect runoff.