赣江流域中下游底泥中有机氯农药污染特征

Pollution characteristics of organochlorinated pesticides in sediments from the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang river

为了解赣江流域有机氯农药污染状况,采用索氏提取方法（Soxhlet Extraction,SE）和气相色谱法（GC-ECD）,对所采集的18个底泥样品中10种有机氯农药（OCPs）的残留进行测定,并对其组分分布和来源进行了分析。结果表明,所有样品均检出10种有机氯农药,底泥中∑OCPs质量分数范围为11.813-39.197μg·kg-1,HCHs、DDTs质量分数范围分别为1.636-20.877μg·kg-1和5.590-14.092μg·kg-1,HCHs的质量分数低于DDTs,六氯苯（HCB）和七氯（Heptachlor）的质量分数相对较低,分别为0.229-6.940μg·kg-1和0.507-3.936μg·kg-1。组分分布特征分析表明,它们除了来自环境中的早期残留外,仍然具有大量新的外源HCHs和DDTs的输入,可能是新的林丹输入以及三氯杀螨醇的使用,这可能与近年来沿江农业的发展有关。

This research is designed to study the OCPs residue in sediments of Ganjiang River. Concentrations of 10 organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） residues in 18 sediments samples from the middle and lower reaches of Ganjiang River have been determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector after being pretreated by Soxhlet extraction, and their compostion distribution and source analyzed. The total OCPs amount in the samples is 11.813-39.197 ug.kg-1; the concentrations of HCHs and DDTs are respectively 1.636-20.877 ug.kg-1 and 5.590-14.092 ug.kg-1; and the concentrations of HCHs are lower than those of DDTs. By contrast, the concentrations of Hex and Hep are comparatively lower, 0.229-6.940 ug.kg-1 and 0.507-3.936 ug.kg-1 respectively. Analysis of distribution characteristics of components shows that they are related not only to the earlier residues in the environment, but also to fresh input of HCHs, DDTs components, such as Lindane and Dicofol, which may have resulted from the development of agriculture along the river in recent years.