青海门源赭红尾鸲鸣唱方言的时间稳定性

Temporal stability in song dialects of black redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris) in Menyuan, Qinghai Province

鸟类的鸣唱方言是研究非人类文化进化及其与种群遗传分化相互作用的理想素材。该研究通过比较跨度8年的2001年和2009年青海门源赭红尾鸲(Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris)鸣唱,研究结果显示,青海门源赭红尾鸲的种特异性音节、经典唱段中的部分音节、典型唱段结构和鸣唱方言的基本形式都具有较高的时间稳定性。2009年赭红尾鸲唱段曲目多于2001年,共享唱段出现了一定的分化,唱段的共享程度和鸣唱的相似性与个体领域间的距离相关,相邻个体的鸣唱相似性程度高于较远距离的个体。

Bird song dialects provide a useful model for the study of cultural evolution and its interactions with genetic evolution. By comparing song dialects over an 8-year span in the black redstarts （Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris） of Haibei station （37°29′N, 101°28′E, 3, 200 m a.s.l.） in Menyuan county, Qinghai Province,This study examined the temporal stability of the birds’ song dialects. Songs of black redstarts were recorded from mid-April to late May in 2001 by Uher-CR 210 tape recorder with Sony directional microphone and in 2009 by Marantz PMD 670 digital recorder with Sennheiser ME 66 directional microphone. Songs were analyzed by using Avisoft-SASLab pro. The similarity of songs between different years were analyzed by investigating the sonagram, measuring temporal and frequency properties and processing cluster analysis by Spss 10.0 on windows. The results showed that species-specific syllable, typical song forms, and the typical strophe keep high temporal stability. Males investigated from 2001 and 2009 shared the entire strophe or some of the syllables. Males sampled from 2009 have a larger strophe repertoire than that from 2001. The study also indicated that the divergence of shared strophe in 2009 is correlated with distance between territories. The degree of strophe type sharing and song similarity are higher between neighbours than that from more distant males.