水氮耦合对苹果光合特性和果实品质的影响

Effects on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and the Quality of the Apple under the Water and Nitrogen Coupling

通过不同灌水量和施氮处理,研究水氮耦合对红富士苹果光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明:红富士苹果的光合特性在不同水肥组合下的变化不同,其光合作用存在明显的"午休"现象。中水高肥和高水高肥的肥水组合对光合速率的保持有一定的作用。低水中肥的肥水组合的蒸腾速率最低,保水效果最好。中度水分供应条件下,施用较多的氮肥可以提高气孔导度利于光合的进行。肥水管理以灌溉量5 250 m3/hm2、氮肥施用量600 kg/hm2方案能获得较高的品质效益。

The effects of different water-nitrogen on photosynthetic characteristics and the quality of red Fuji apples were studied.The results indicated that photosynthetic characteristics of the Fuji apples changed with the different water and fertility treatments and appeared obvious phenomenon of the midday depression.Middle water and high nitrogen,high water and nitrogen treatments can keep the photosynthetic with certain effect.The treatment of the low water and middle nitrogen combination was the lowest and had the best effect of the water conservation.Under the moderate water,applying more nitrogen can enhance Gs and benefit of photosynthesis.The best scheme of fertilizer and water management were 5 250 m3/hm2 of irrigation water,600 kg/hm2 of nitrogen,which could obtain higher quality performance.