18世纪英国慈善事业组织和运行机制初探

An Analysis of the Organization and Operational Mechanisms of Philanthropy in Eighteenth-Century England

英国的18世纪由于慈善活动活跃而被誉为"慈善时代"。开展慈善活动的各种社团、协会、机构有着大体一致的组织方式,在运行机制方面基本遵循民主决策、多渠道筹资、针对性救助和严格约束原则。这种组织化活动方式便于人们生前的慈善参与,便于推行中产阶级的价值观,也较分散施舍更见成效,这样的组织方式和运行机制对18世纪英国慈善事业的发展有重要意义。

The eighteenth-century England has been known as an Age of Benevolence because of its active charities.Various philanthropic societies,associations and establishments were organized in similar ways,and operated on almost the same principles.The tendency of organization,which resulted from England＇s expanding economy and deepening social division,had an important impact on the development of the eighteenth-century philanthropy.