前茬小麦免耕和耕作对夏大豆田土壤含水量和产量的影响

Response of Yield and Soil Water Content in Summer Soybean to No-tillage and Normal Tillage of Previous Wheat

研究了前茬小麦免耕和耕作2种方式对夏大豆田土壤含水量变化、夏大豆农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：前茬小麦免耕的全生育期0-20 cm的土壤平均含水量比耕作低1.06%,差异不显著;而前茬小麦免耕的20-40 cm、40-60 cm和60-80 cm土壤平均含水量比耕作的分别高0.36%、0.96%、0.97%,差异均不显著。前茬小麦免耕的和耕作的夏大豆平均产量分别为4253.6和4313.2 kg·hm^-2,前茬小麦免耕比耕作的减产59.6 kg·hm^-2,但差异不显著;前茬小麦免耕的和耕作对夏大豆生育期、百粒重等农艺性状均无显著影响。因此,夏大豆前茬小麦免耕不但取得与前茬小麦耕作同样的产量效果,而且还能节省劳动量,防止水土流失,保护土壤结构,消除犁地层对作物根系生长与吸收的影响,是值得推广的耕作模式。

By using large area tests,the comparison study among the changes of soil water content,agronomic character and the yield in summer soybean were carried out under no-tillage and normal tillage in previous crops of wheat.The results showed that in natural conditions,the rainfall during the whole growing period of soybean was 338.70 mm and the average soil water content was reducing by 1.06% at 0～20 cm in no-tillage than that of normal tillage,but the difference was not significant.The average water content in no-tillage soil was 0.36%,0.96% and 0.97% higher than that of normal tillage at the depth of 20～40 cm,40～60 cm and 60～80 cm,respectively,but all differences were not significant.These difference effects were not significant which no-tillage than that of normal tillage in summer soybean agronomic characters of growth period,100-seed weight,etc.In the peak water requirement period of soybean,there was a corresponding effective precipitation and the soil water content could meet the needs of soybean growth.Moreover,the average yield of no-tillage and normal tillage was 4253.6 and 4313.2 kg·ha^-1,respectively.Yield of no-tillage was less than the normal tillage by 59.6 kg·ha^-1,but the difference was not significant.Therefore,under natural conditions,no-tillage crops was not only could obtain almost the same yield as normal tillage,but also could save the amount of labor,prevent soil erosion,protect soil structure and eliminate the effects of plow formation on crop root growth.In summary,no-tillage crop could deserve to popularization.