论美国的赦免制度及对我国完善相关程序的启示

The Pardon Procedures of the United States and Its Enlightenment of Improving the Relevant Systems and Procedures of China

美国的赦免制度对完善我国的相关程序具有重要的借鉴意义。赦免制度在美国的刑事诉讼体系中具有不可忽视的重要性。美国赦免制度源于英国,同时也具有自己鲜明的特点,但在具体操作中,存在着一些弊端和争议。美国各州为解决赦免制度中的弊端而采取了不同的作法,共可分为三类:委员会和咨询机构作出赦免决定、委员会或咨询机构向州长作出有约束力的赦免建议以及州长作为决定是否赦免的委员会的成员。这三类作法各自有其自身的利弊。由此,我国应立法建立起将行政首长确定为赦免权行使主体并辅之以赦免委员会作为建议机构的赦免制度。

U.S.pardon system to improve our procedures has an important reference.Firstly,the dissertation introduces the varieties and origins of Pardon,and comments on the theoretical controversies over Pardon.Then it describes the detailed operating process of the pardon procedures,revealing the malpractice and controversy in it.At last,on the basis of large amount of first-hand data,the author analyses and sorts out the various practices taken by different Capital-Penalty-reserved states in dealing with the problems in pardon system, and divides these states into 3 types,namely,pardon rule by the Committee and Consulting organizations,restraining recommendation to the Governor by the Committee and Consulting organizations,and Governor as the member of pardon ruling committee;and puts forward his own opinion and appraisal on the strong and weak points of the three practices.For China,the type of restraining recommendation to the Governor by the Committee and Consulting organizations is more viable.