iPS细胞研究的新进展及应用

Current progress and application prospects of induced pluripotent stem cells

通过导入特定的转录因子可将分化的体细胞重编程为诱导性多能干细胞(Induced pluripotent stem cells,iPS cells),这项技术避免了干细胞研究领域的免疫排斥和伦理道德问题,是生命科学领域的一次巨大革命。与胚胎干细胞(Embryonic stem cells,ES cells)一样,iPS细胞能够自我更新并维持未分化状态,在体内可分化为3个胚层来源的所有细胞,进而参与形成机体所有组织和器官。在体外,iPS细胞可定向诱导分化出多种成熟细胞。因此,iPS细胞在理论研究和临床应用等方面都极具应用价值。文章对iPS细胞诱导的最新研究进展、iPS细胞诱导的不同方法,如何提高iPS细胞的制备效率和安全性,iPS细胞在基础研究以及临床研究等方面的应用进行了全面综述,并探讨了iPS细胞研究领域面临的问题以及该技术在转基因动物研究中的发展前景。

Induced pluripotent stem（iPS） cells can be directly generated from somatic cells by transduction of a few defined transcription factors. This technique avoids immunological rejection and ethical difficulties,which is a great revolution in life sciences. Like embryonic stem（ES） cells,iPS cells have the ability to self-renew through mitotic cell division and thus remain in its undifferentiated state and the ability to differentiate into not only all derivatives of the three primary germ layers： ectoderm,endoderm,and mesoderm,but also many mature cells in vitro. Therefore,iPS cells are important for theoretic study and therapeutic application. Here,we discuss recent advances in generating induced pluripotent stem cells,different reprogramming methods,and clinical applications of iPS cells. Finally,current problems of iPS cells and its prospects in transgenic animals are also discussed. This article is a summary of current research advances in reprogramming cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.