胎儿畸形198例临床分析和预防措施

Clinical analysis of 198 cases of fetal anomalies and preventive measures

目的了解胎儿畸形的发生率、发生系统及缺陷分布情况,探讨引起胎儿畸形的相关因素,为临床预防和治疗提供依据。方法我院2006年1月至2009年12月产前检查确诊胎儿畸形并引产的198例病例进行回顾性分析。结果 198例胎儿畸形引产的原因位于前6位的分别为:先天性心脏病(32例,占16.6%)、脑积水(21例,占10.60%)、唇腭裂(20例,占10.10%)、四肢畸形包括四肢短小、并指、并趾(19例,占9.60%)、神经管畸形(18例,占9.09%)、消化道畸形(15例,占7.58%)。结论胎儿畸形的发生与孕妇的年龄、文化程度素质、环境、孕期服药、孕期合并症、并发症及营养等有关。为了减少出生缺陷的发生,应以预防为主,加强孕前及产前咨询,避免孕早期不良因素影响,尽早发现异常,及时行治疗性引产,以免给家庭和社会带来负担。

Objective： To analyze the incidence,generation system and defect distribution of fetal anomalies and evaluate related factors of the cause of fetal anomalies to provide basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods： We have retrospectively analyzed 198 cases which were diagonosed of fetal anomalies in prenatal diagnosis and aborted in our hospital from January 2006 to December 2009.Results： The first 6 reasons of the abortion of 198 fetal anomalies are respectively as follows： congenital heart disease（32 cases,accounting for 16.6%）,hydrocephalus（21 cases,accounting for 10.60%）,lip/ palate cleft（20 cases,accounting for 10.10%）,limb malformation,including short limbs,syndactyly（19 cases,accounting for 9.60%）,neural tube defects（18 cases,accounting for 9.09%）,digestive system malformations（15 cases,accounting for 7.58%）.Conclusions： Occurrence of fetal anomalies has relation with maternal age,education,quality,environment,medication during pregnancy,pregnancy complications,and nutrition etc.In order to reduce the incidence of birth defects,we should focus on prevention,strengthen pre-pregnancy and prenatal counseling,avoid the influence of adverse factors during early pregnancy,detect the unusual early and timely implement therapeutic abortion in order to avoid burden to families and society.