急性心肌梗死患者28例院内死亡特点分析

Analysis of characteristic of hospital mortality about the Patients with acute myocardial infarction

目的:探讨住院急性心肌梗死患者的死亡特征构成,探讨降低急性心肌梗死病死率的措施。方法:回顾分析28例住院期间死亡的急性心肌梗死患者的性别、年龄、发病诱因、危险因素、并存疾病、梗死部位、发病至死亡时间、致死原因等资料。结果:因急性心肌梗死致死的住院患者中,男性20例(71.4%),女性8例(28.6%);28例患者心血管病危险因素及并存疾病中,高血压病16例(57.1%),吸烟者18例(64.3%),血脂代谢异常者18例(64.3%);最常见的梗死部位为广泛前壁共16例(57.1%);主要死亡原因中,致命性心律失常11例(39.3%),泵衰竭10例(35.7%)。结论:因急性心肌梗死致死的患者中,男性明显多于女性;28例患者均有心血管病危险因素及并存疾病;最常见的梗死部位以广泛前壁多见;恶性心律失常及泵衰竭是致急性心肌梗死患者院内死亡的主要原因;日常生活对危险因素积极干预是预防急性心肌梗死发生的有效措施,在发病时间窗内及时再灌注治疗是挽救生命的重点。

Objective：To understand the characteristics of composition of hospital patients with acute myocardial infarction（AMI） and discuss the measures of reducing the rate of acute myocardial infarction. Methods： 28 patients with acute myocardial infarction were analyzed by sex, age, incentives of disease, risk factors, coexistence disease, the part of infarction, the time of morbidity and death and the cause of death. Results： Among the patients with acute myocardial infarction, there were 20 male cases（71.4%）, 8 female cases（28.6%）; 28 patients with cardiovascular disease had risk factors and coexistence of disease, the cases of hypertension were 16（57.1%）; the cases of smoking were 18（64.3%）; the cases of abnormal lipid metabolism were 18（64.3%）.The most common anterior wall infarction cases were 16（ 57.1%）; in the leading cause of death, the cases of fatal arrhythmia were 11（39.3%）; the cases of pump failure were 10（35.7%）. Conclusion： Among the acute myocardial infarction patients, men are more than women; 28 patients with cardiovascular disease are both risk factors and coexistence diseases; the most common site is often extensive anterior wall infarction; malignant arrhythmias and pump failure are main causes of hospital mortality with acute myocardial infarction; active intervention to risk factors is to prevent the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction and effective measures in daily life, the timely onset of reperfusion therapy is the keystone of saving lives during the time of disease attack.