红枣裂果的药剂防治效果研究初报

Preliminary study on the effects of drugs for Jujube fruit cracking

为了探索红枣抗裂的途径,通过调查田间自然条件下的:骏枣、赞皇大枣、梨枣、佳县长枣、马牙大枣、茶壶枣、小木枣、狗头大枣、晋枣、灌阳长枣10个红枣品种的裂果率;并且对骏枣、赞皇大枣和梨枣3个品种红枣进行了镁钙美、瑞恩钙、果蔬邦、中量元素水溶肥料、益科乐活力菌和金满田6种药剂喷洒后,并分别采用自然降雨、人工降雨与浸果试验调查其裂果率。研究结果表明:自然条件下不同品种间裂果一般与降雨时间和枣果成熟度有关,降雨和红枣成熟期同时出现是红枣裂果的主要原因,而抗裂性很强的品种,如灌阳长枣不受降雨的影响;对3个红枣品种进行6种药剂喷洒试验,结果表明不同药剂对枣裂果防效均有一定作用,但作用有限,从作用的差异来看,其中镁钙美和益科乐活力菌效果较好,在生产上具有推广价值。综合考虑,选择品种应该是防治红枣裂果的重点,其次采用药物和管理等综合措施是今后的主要途径。

In order to explore ways of crack resistance of jujube fruit,through field survey and under natural conditions,jujube fruit cracking rate is studied with ten jujube varieties of Junzao,Zanhuangdazao,Lizao, Jiaxianchangzao,Mayadazao,Chahuzao,Xiaomuzao,Goutoudazao,Jinzao and Guanyangchangzao（＂China Fruit Notes＂ date based on the volume name）.After three varieties of jujube are sprayed with six kinds of insecticides,such as Meigaimei,Ruien Calcium,Guoshubang,Water solute fertilizer of middle element,,Yikele vitality bacteria,Jinmantian,natural rainfall and artificial rainfall as well as leaching test are used to investigate the cracking rate.The results are as follows： Under natural conditions,fruit cracking of different species is generally associated with rainfall time and the maturity of the jujube.The main reason for jujube cracking is because rainfall happens during the maturity,but some varieties,such as Guanyangchangzao and so on,have strong crack resistance property and are seldom affected by rainfall.The results also show that the pharmaceutical have effect on anti-cracking of jujube,but it is limited.The Meigaimei and Yikele vitality bacteria are relatively better for anti-cracking according to the experiments,and they are also worth extending in production.Taken together,to solve the problem of date fruit cracking,the key point is to select proper varieties of jujube,while the drugs and management should also be the main ways in the future.