覆盖和保水剂对马铃薯的形态特征和质膜透性的影响

Effect of mulch and water absorbent on morphological characters and membrane permeability of potato

以马铃薯品种克新1号为材料,研究覆盖及保水剂对旱作马铃薯形态特征、质膜透性及产量的影响。结果表明:株高和单株鲜重随生育时期的推进逐渐增加,淀粉积累期对照及秸秆覆盖加施保水剂处理的株高较高,行间覆膜及行间覆膜加施保水剂处理的单株鲜重最高,行上覆膜及加施保水剂的株高和单株鲜重相对较低。秸秆覆盖加施保水剂处理的株高是行上覆膜的143.00%,是行上覆膜加施保水剂处理的170.97%;行间覆膜单株鲜重是行上覆膜的184.31%,是行上覆膜加施保水剂处理的191.32%。质膜透性随生育时期的推进呈先降后升趋势,丙二醛含量逐渐增加,且行上覆膜及加施保水剂处理的丙二醛含量较高。秸秆覆盖及加施保水剂处理产量最高,行上覆膜及加施保水剂处理产量最低;秸秆覆盖处理产量比行上覆膜增加232.46%,比行上覆膜加施保水剂处理增产287.39%。秸秆覆盖加施保水剂处理产量比行上覆膜增加169.65%,比行上覆膜加施保水剂处理增产214.20%。总体而言,秸秆覆盖和行间覆膜加施保水剂处理较利于旱作马铃薯增产。

The effect of mulch and water absorbent on morphological characters,leaf membrane permeability and yield were studied using potato variety Kexin 1.Eight treatments were consisted,including control group（CK）, control group-water absorbent junction（CKB）,straw mulch（PF）,straw mulch-water absorbent junction（PFB）,film mulching on furrows（UPF）,film mulching on furrows-water absorbent junction（UPB）,film mulching beside furrows（SPF）,film mulching beside furrows-water absorbent junction（SPFB）.The results were concluded that plant height and plant fresh weight showed an increasing tendency with the growth duration.The plant height of CK and PFB were significantly higher than the other treatments（P〈0.01） at starch accumulation stage;Fresh weight of SPB and SPFB were significantly higher than others（P〈0.01）,but the plant height and plant fresh weight of these two treatments were lower.The value of relative membrane permeability first reduced and then increased with the growth duration,and MDA content presented basically an increasing trend.The MDA content of UPF and UPFB were much higher.The yield of PF and PFB were significantly higher than others（P〈0.01）,and the value of UPF and UPFB were lowest.The yield of PFB remained 169.65% more than UPF,and 214.20% more than UPFB.In all,straw mulch,film mulching beside furrows and film mulching beside furrows-water absorbent junction treatments produced more potato yield.