东莞市中小学生、工人和居民甲型H1N1流感防治知信行现况调查

Cross-sectional Study on Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior of Influenza A(H1N1) Among Students,Workers and Residents in Dongguan

目的了解东莞市中小学生、工人和居民甲型H1N1流感防治知识、态度及行为现况,为下一步防控工作提供科学依据。方法选择东莞市小学、初中、工厂各1间,居民社区1个,其中小学和初中每个年级选择两个班进行整群抽样,社区和工厂采取随机抽样方法选取对象,采用自填式问卷调查甲型H1N1流感防治知识的认知水平、日常行为习惯及对待甲型H1N1流感的态度等。结果调查对象对甲型H1N1流感总体知晓率为69.63%,其中中小学生为75.32%,工人为64.10%,居民为52.46%,三者知晓率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.98,P<0.05);中小学生不带病上课、打喷嚏或咳嗽时捂嘴、每天洗手次数、洗手时点和洗手方式等卫生习惯方面均优于工人及居民,差异有统计学意义;有27.24%的调查对象认为甲型H1N1流感可怕,认为可怕的原因主要是甲型H1N1流感难以预防(52.68%)、该病易病死(46.34%)和没有特效药(41.22%);在未接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗的调查对象中,仅58.10%表示愿意接种免费的甲型H1N1流感疫苗,不愿意接种的原因主要是担心疫苗的安全性。结论东莞市中小学生在甲型H1N1流感防治知识、态度及行为等方面均优于工人及居民,应在特定人群中有针对性地开展甲型H1N1流感可防可治、疫苗安全有效、不带病工作及正确洗手方法等关键知识点的宣传教育。

Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and behavior about influenza A（H1N1） in students,workers and residents in Dongguan,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control work. Methods One elementary school,one junior middle school,one factory and one community were chosen in Dongguan in December 2009,and then two classes in each grade were sampled in the chosen schools,all the students in sampled classes were served as the objects.The residents in the community and the workers in the factory were randomly sampled to fill in the questionnaire for knowledge,behavior,and attitude about influenza A（H1N1） prevention and control. Results The awareness rate of influenza A（H1N1） in the survey objects was 69.63%.The awareness rates of students,workers and residents were 75.32%,64.10% and 52.46%,respectively;there were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of influenza A（H1N1） among the three groups（χ^2=45.98,P〈0.05）.The students＇ health behaviors were better than those of workers and residents,such as never going to work when falling sick,covering over the mouth during coughing and sneezing,times of washing hands per day,timing of washing hands and methods of washing hands.27.24% of the participants considered that influenza A（H1N1） was fearful,because they considered that influenza A（H1N1） was ＂difficult to prevent＂（52.68%）,＂the disease died easily＂（46.34%）,and ＂no specific medicine＂（41.22%）.58.10% of the participants would prefer not to vaccinate influenza A（H1N1） vaccine,because they worried about the security of the vaccine. Conclusions The knowledge,attitude and behavior in students are better than those in workers and residents in Dongguan.It should be enhanced the health education about the knowledge,such as ＂swine flu could be prevented and cured＂,＂vaccine is safe and effective＂,＂not to work during illness＂,and ＂washing hands in a correct way＇ among the specific population.