东莞市甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种不良反应监测情况分析

Analysis on Surveillance for Adverse Events Following Influenza A(H1N1) Vaccination in Dongguan

目的对东莞市甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种不良反应的发生情况进行分析,为免疫策略的制定提供依据。方法从《儿童预防接种信息管理系统》中收集东莞市的不良反应个案信息,收集疑似异常反应病例的个案调查表以及东莞市各接种点每天报告的《广东省东莞市甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种相关信息日报表》等资料,使用Excel2003对数据进行描述性流行病学分析,用SPSS13.0进行卡方检验。结果自2009年11月3日-2010年2月28日,东莞市甲流疫苗接种累计不良反应发生率为4.72/万,病例在不同性别及不同年龄组间的不良反应发生情况差异无统计学意义,医务人员的不良反应发生率明显高于其他职业人员,而流动人口的不良反应发生率要明显低于其他职业,病例大多数为一般反应,多为48 h内出现症状,并以发热为主要表现,通过被动监测方式发现为主。结论东莞市甲流疫苗接种后产生的不良反应以轻症为主,接种安全性较高。今后应该在疫苗接种工作中,加强对市民进行疫苗接种不良反应的宣传,特别是对流动人口进行疫苗接种不良反应的识别、处理和及时就诊方面的宣传。另外,主动监测工作有待进一步加强,以便更好的掌握受种者,特别是主动就医趋势较差的流动人口受种者的不良反应发生情况。

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of adverse events following influenza A（H1N1） vaccination,and to provide the references for developing immunization strategies in Dongguan. Methods The information about adverse events in Dongguan was selected from the Children＇s Immunization Information System.The related data were collected from investigation tables of AEFI cases and the daily reports of influenza A（H1N1） vaccine from vaccination spots.Excel 2003 was used for descriptive analysis,and SPSS 13.0 software was used for the chi-square test. Results The cumulative incidence rate of adverse events following influenza A（H1N1） vaccination was 4.72/100,000 in Dongguan from November 3rd,2009 to February 28th,2010.No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence rate of adverse events following influenza A（H1N1） vaccination between different genders and among different age groups.Among different occupations,the incidence rate in the medical professionals was higher than those of other occupations,and the incidence rate in the floating population was lower than those of other occupations.Most symptoms of adverse events following vaccination were general reactions which mostly appeared within 48 hours.Most symptoms were found by passive surveillance and fever was predominant. Conclusions In Dongguan,most of adverse events were mild symptoms,and it proved that influenza A（H1N1） vaccines meet high safety.In the future,the public health education to all population of adverse events identification and timely treatment was necessary to be strengthened,especially to the floating population.In addition,the work on active surveillance should be further enhanced in order to find out the adverse events in persons who were vaccinated,especially in the floating population.