“红头文件”何以以言行事？--中国国有企业改革文件研究(2000-2005)

How do"the Red-headed Documents"Work by Words?—A Study on the Documents(2000-2005)Concerning the Reform of China's State-owned Enterprises

在中国,中国共产党中央委员会和中华人民共和国中央人民政府被视为中国国有企业改革的决策者、指导者和监督者,直接影响和制约着国有企业改革方向和路径。党和政府对国有企业改革的影响方式主要是通过"红头文件"来体现。因此,如果要研究国有企业改革,就要阅读和领会"红头文件"。在目前有关国有企业改革的研究中,"红头文件"仅仅作为解释和论证国有企业改革的事实依据,没有将"红头文件"作为分析对象,研究文件与改革进程的关系。本文选取了2000～2005年颁布的6个中央文件为研究对象,利用文本分析法和关键语篇分析法,探究了"红头文件"的言语系统对国有企业改革的影响。研究发现,"红头文件"中,肯定性语篇明确了国有企业改革的性质和方向,实现了以言行事的作用;影响性语篇规定了改革的内容,部分起到了以言取效的作用;这两种语篇构建的语境形成了国有企业改革的制度环境,并体现了原则和灵活共存思维。通过大量使用行动语句,影响行动主体的行为,达到了影响并制约国有企业改革进程的作用。

In China,the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Central People' s government of the People ' s Republic of China are considered to be the decision makers and guilders and supervisors in the reform of the state-owed enterprises(SOE),directly influencing and restraining the direction of and the path to the reform of SOE.The impact of the Party and the central government on the reform of SOE is expressed by way of their red-headed documents(RHD).Therefore,to research the reform of SOE,we must read and comprehend RHD.At present,in the studies on the reform of SOE,RHD have been used only as the basis for the explanation arid the comprehension of the reform of SOE,but and they have not been taken as the object of analysis for the study on the relationship between RHFD and the process of the reform.In this article,we have,by the use of selecting 6 documents issued between 2000 and 2005 by the central government as the object of our study and by the use of the method of text analysis and the method of analysis of key words,probed the impact of the language system of RHD on the reform of SOE.By our study,we have discovered that,the affirmative words in the RHD have clarified the nature and direction of the reform of SOE,performing the function of working by words,that influential words have prescribed the contents of the reform and part of the words have had the effect of working by means of words,and that the languages context shaped by the two types of words mentioned above form have formed the system environment of the reform of SOE and embodied the thought of the coexistence of principles with flexibility. Lots of use of action words for impacting on the behavior of the main body has achieved the effect of influ- encing and restricting the reform process of SOE.