植物源蚂蚁驱避剂的筛选研究

Screening of botanical ant repellents

目的从22种植物中筛选出对蚂蚁具有较好驱避效果的植物提取物,为制备高效无毒的蚂蚁绿色驱避剂提供实验依据。方法该研究以95%的乙醇和蒸馏水为溶剂,借助超声波提取,利用其对蚂蚁的驱避率来衡量植物提取物的驱避活性,并通过SPSS软件进行t检验,比较2种不同溶剂提取物驱避率的差异性。结果在醇提取物中驱避效果较好的植物有丁香、花椒、五味子和肉桂,平均驱避率分别为86.9%、83.9%、81.3%和91.2%;其次为石菖蒲、薄荷、檀香、地肤子、八角茴香及大蒜,平均驱避率在60%～80%;而蒸馏水提取物平均驱避率均在80%以下,较好的有五味子和肉桂,平均驱避率分别为60.9%和76.2%,其次为八角茴香、曼陀罗和大蒜,平均驱避率在50%～60%。t检验结果表明,2种溶剂提取物的驱避率差异有统计学意义。结论 95%乙醇的植物提取物其驱避效果显著优于蒸馏水提取物;在22种植物源提取物中,不论是乙醇还是蒸馏水作为溶剂,均以肉桂提取物对蚂蚁的驱避效果最佳。

Objective Twenty-two plant extracts were screened for satisfyingly effective repelling agents against ant （Formica fusca）, providing the basis for developing efficient, nontoxic and green ant repellents. Methods Using 95% alcohol and water as solvents, the ultrasonic extracts were evaluated in terms of the repellents activities, which were represented by their repellent rates against ants. The t test was performed using SPSS to compare the differences in the repellency rate. Results Satisfactory repelling effects were observed in such alcoholic extracts as Syringa oblate, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Fructus, Schisandra chinensis and Cinnamomum cassia, with the average repellent rates of 86.9%, 83.9%, 81.3% and 91.2% respectively, followed by Acorus tatarinowii, Herba menthae heplocalycis, Santalum album, Kochia scparia, Illicium verum and Allium sativum, with the average repellency rates ranging from 60% to 80%. By contrast, the average repellent rate of water extracts was under 80%, of which the outstanding representatives were Fructus, S. chinensis and C. cassia with the average repellent rates of 60.9% and 76.2% respectively, followed by I. verum hook. f, Datura stramonium Linn and A. sativum L. with the rates between 50% and 60%. The t test results showed that water and alcoholic extracts had significantly different repelling effects. Conclusion The repelling effects of 95% alcoholic botanical extracts were significantly better than the water extracts against ants. No matter the solvent was water or alcohol, C. cassia was the best repellent among the 22 botanical extracts.