安康城区媒介生物季节消长调查分析

The investigation of the seasonal fluctuation of vector in Ankang city

目的了解安康城区媒介生物的种类及其季节消长规律,为预防媒介生物传播疾病的发生提供依据。方法按照《全国病媒生物监测方案》设置监测点,分别以人工小时法、笼诱法、粘捕法和夹日法调查蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、鼠的种类和密度。结果调查发现蚊虫有4属6种,骚扰阿蚊为主要优势种(占41.06%),其次为中华按蚊(占19.69%)和三带喙库蚊(占17.48%);8月下旬为全年蚊密度高峰期;蝇类有2科8属8种,市蝇为优势种(占48.68%),其次为家蝇、丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇,分别占捕蝇总数的26.78%、9.55%和4.84%,7月为全年蝇密度高峰期;蜚蠊有2科2属2种,美洲大蠊和德国小蠊分别占捕获总数的51.42%和48.58%,11月为全年密度最高峰期;鼠类有1科3属3种,褐家鼠为优势鼠种(90.34%),其次是小家鼠(6.90%),鼠密度最高月份为9-10月。结论安康城区媒介生物的密度较高,建议政府采取综合性防制措施,将媒介生物的密度降至国家卫生城市控制标准,有效预防控制媒介生物传播疾病的发生和流行。

Objective To learn the species of biological vector and its pattern of variation with seasons in Ankang city for providing data for the control and prevention of the vector-born diseases. Methods The surveillance sites were set up in the light of ＂ The National Plan for the Survei11ance of Biological Vector＂, where the species and densities of vectors like mosquitoes, f1ies, mice and cockroach were investigated by way of manual mosquito-catching trap, cage-trapping, paste-trapping and rat trapping, respective1y. Results It was found that there were 6 species and 4 genuses of mosquitoes in Ankang city, of which Armigeres subalbatus was the dominant,accounting for 41.06%, followed by Anopheles sinensis （19.69%） and Culex tritaeniorhynchus （17.48%）. The density of mosquitoes reached its peak in late August. There were 2 families of flies, including 8 species and 8 genuses, in the district, of which Musca sorbens was the dominant specie, accounting for 48.68%, followed by M. domestica and Lucilia sericata and Chrysomya megacephala, which accounted for 26.78%, 9.55%, 4.84% respectively, with the density of flies highest of the year in July. Two families of the cockroaches, including 2 species and 2 genuses were found in the region, with Periplaneta americana （51.42%） being the dominant species, followed by Blattella germanica （48.58%）,and their density peak in the region was reached in November. The rat-shape animals belonging to 3 species and 3 genuses of 1 fami1y were identified in the area, with the dominant species being Rattus norvegicus （90.34%）, followed by Mus musculus （6.90%）, and their peak density was seen in September and October of the year. Conclusion It was found that there was a high density of the biological vector in the Ankang city. It is suggested that the government take comprehensive measures for its control and prevention to reduce the density of the biological vector to a level that meets the control standards of national health cities, realizing an effective control and prevention of the outbreak and prevalence of the vector-born diseases.