深圳市5岁以下儿童营养不良现状研究

Study on status of malnutrition of children under 5 years old in Shenzhen

【目的】掌握本地区5岁以下儿童营养不良现状,了解影响儿童营养问题的主要因素。【方法】采用横断面调查方法,整群随机抽取本辖区5个社区与12所托幼机构,12 928例5岁以下儿童,进行体格发育评估与问卷调查,影响因素分析应用二分类反应变量的Logistic逐步回归方法。【结果】5岁以下儿童营养不良患病率为3.77%,性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);6个月内婴儿营养不良患病率低,6个月以后开始增高,小于6个月组与其他年龄组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),6个月以上组组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Logistic逐步回归分析提示,托幼机构膳食合理、保证每天10 h以上睡眠、辅食添加合理、定期营养监测、1岁后保证每天有2次奶、4个月内母乳喂养共6个因素能促进儿童营养状况改善,而偏食挑食、喜欢膨化食品、早产、进食速度慢、爱喝甜饮料、出生低体重、经常吃零食则是导致儿童营养不良的因素。【结论】预防儿童营养不良必须采取综合措施,加大科学喂养宣传力度,提倡合理的膳食结构,培养良好的饮食习惯。

【Objective】 To explore the status and main affecting factors to malnutrition of children under 5 years old.【Methods】 Cross-sectional survey methodology and cluster random sampling were employed to select 12 928 cases of children under 5 years old from five communities and 12 kindergardens in the area.Physical growth assessment and survey were carried out.Binary response variables Logistic stepwise regression method was used to analyze the affecting factors to malnutrition of children.【Results】 Prevalence rate of malnutrition of children under 5 years old was 3.77%.No signifi-cant difference existed between boys and girls(P>0.05).Prevalence rate of malnutrition of infants aged under 6 months was lower than other groups,which was increased with chronological age.The difference was significant(P< 0.05) be-tween the group aged under 6 months and other group,and no significant difference existed between groups aged older 6 months.Logistic stepwise regression analysis suggested that six factors that could improve the nutritional status of chil-dren,such as appropriate dietary,more than 10 hours of sleep a day,timely complementary feeding,regular nutrition mo-nitoring,two cups of milk every day of children beyond 1-year-old,breast-feeding within 4 months,while the following fac-tors as partiality for a particular kind of food,preference to puffing food,premature birth,slow to eat,liking sweet drinks,low birth weight,frequent snacking were the factors resulted to malnutrition.【Conclusion】 The comprehensive measures must be taken to prevent malnutrition,which are to promote scientific feeding,appropriate diet structure,and to develop good eating habits.