microRNA与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤关系的研究进展

The Research Progress on the Relationship between microRNA and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类长度为20多个核苷酸的内源性非编码调控RNA。它们通过序列特异性翻译抑制或mRNA裂解来调控基因表达,参与细胞发育、增殖、分化、凋亡等一系列重要生物学过程。近期的研究发现,许多microRNA具有癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是最常见的一类恶性淋巴瘤,占非霍奇金淋巴瘤的30%左右,DLBCL被定义为B细胞起源的、有大的肿瘤细胞、具有侵袭性临床表现、需要高效力的化学治疗的恶性淋巴瘤,这类肿瘤发生于淋巴结内或结外,可原发或继发于其它低度恶性淋巴瘤的演进,临床表现、形态学、免疫表型及遗传学特征极具异质性。现已发现若干种microRNA直接参与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的发生和发展;microRNA表达谱也与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤分子亚型相关。作为一类新的分子靶标,microRNA被应用于弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的诊断和生物治疗具有广阔的前景。

MicroRNAs （or miRNA） are a noncoding regulated endogenous RNA molecules with the length of 22nt. As negative regulators, they were used to regulate the gene expression through sequence-specific translational suppression or mRNA cleavage, and participate in a series of key biological processes, such as cell development and proliferation, apoptosis, and haematopoiesis etc. Recently, researchers have found that many microRNAs have oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, and can play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumor. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma （DLBCL） is a most common malignant lymphoma, which accounts for 30% of the NHL. DLBCL is defined as the malignant lymphoma which originates from the B cells, has big tumor cells, shows aggressive clinical manifestations, and needs chemotherapy of high efficiency. This kind of tumor occur inside or outside lymph node, and can be primary or secondary in the evolution of other low-grade malignant lymphomas. Therefore, there exists an extremely heterogeneity in the clinical manifestation, morphology, immunophenotype and genetic characteristics of the carcinoma. Now, researchers have found that several kinds of microRNA directly involved in the occurrence and development of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and there is a correlation between the microRNA expression and molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. As a kind of new molecular target, miRNA has a broad prospect in the application for diagnosis and biotherapy of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma.