高校大学生对无偿献血认知的调查分析

Survey on the attitudes toward voluntary blood donation in college students

目的:为制定有效的无偿献血宣传方案,促进更多的自愿者参加无偿献血提供决策依据。方法:采用横断面调查的方法,通过分层整群抽样,分析献血人群和未献血人群无偿献血知识和行为之间的差异。结果:调查人群献血率为25.24%,一年级学生献血率低于高年级学生(χ2=264.45,P<0.001);医学专业学生献血率高于非专业学生(χ2=8.26,P<0.001)。高达54.75%的献血者和72.00%非献血者对采血用具卫生表示怀疑,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.10,P<0.001)。献爱心、有益健康、本人或家人可享受用血优惠为献血者无偿献血的主要原因。献血者和未献血者的顾虑和障碍因素中担心身体不适(χ2=8.76,P=0.003)、家人或朋友反对(χ2=66.62,P<0.001)以及自己血型血库已满(χ2=13.53,P<0.001)等因素差异有统计学意义。结论:推行健康教育及有力的政策可以激励更多的高校学生参与无偿献血。

Objective：To provide evidence for effective policies to encourage more volunteers for blood donation.Methods：By cross-sectional study,stratified cluster sampling method was used to examine the differences concerning the knowledge and behavior between the individuals undergone voluntary blood donation and those under the activity.Results：25.4% of the students surveyed had undergone blood donation and the freshmen appeared lower as compared with the senior ones（χ2=264.45,P0.001）,and more students majored in medicine had ever participated in blood donation than those of non-medicine（χ2=8.26,P0.001）.Additionally,54.75% of the blood donators and 72.00% of non-contributors appeared anxious about the hygiene of blood taking devices,which had statistical difference（χ2=41.10,P0.001）.The motives for blood donation were associated with mercies,good to health and priority to receive the blood for the donator himself or his family members when necessary,whereas,the major cares and factors to keep the students from blood donation were involved in malaise from blood taking（χ2=8.76,P=0.003）,disagreement from the family members or friends（χ2=66.62,P0.001）or the blood type of his being in full stock（χ2=13.53,P0.001）,which was also different in statistics.Conclusion：Effective policies and health education may motivate more college students to donate their blood voluntarily.