黑马河草原8种植物叶的解剖结构研究

Stem and Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of Eight Species on Heimahe Grassland

为进一步研究植物形态与其生存环境的适应关系,利用常规石蜡切片的方法对黑马河草原8种植物叶的解剖结构进行了观察比较。结果表明:这8种植物叶的基本结构具有相似性,均由表皮、叶肉、叶脉组成;叶有背腹型叶和等面叶两种类型;其共有的特征是:叶肉中栅栏组织层数多,其与海绵组织的比值较高,细胞排列疏松,具有发达的通气组织;叶脉发达,脉间区小。不同之处在于叶片与叶肉组织的厚度及其细胞间隙的大小等方面均有不同的变异幅度。以海绵组织厚度的变异程度最大,其次为叶肉细胞间隙和栅栏组织/海绵组织的比值;中脉、栅栏组织、叶片厚度变异程度较小。从解剖结构来看,这8种植物叶的结构具有中生、旱生乃至湿生植物的部分特点的独特结构。说明生长在同一地区的不同植物对环境的适应有多种方式,这是植物对高寒地区低氧、低温、强辐射等自然条件长期适应的结果。

Leaf anatomical characteristics of eight species plants on Heimahe Grassland are compared and analyzed using wax-slides.Results showed that leaf structure of all species is similar,composed of epidermis,mesophyll and leaf vein.The leaf belongs to two types： bifacial leaf and Isobilateral leaf.Their common characteristic is that palisade tissue has multilayered and well-developed.The ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue is high.The cell is arranged loosely with well-developed aerenchyma.Leaf vein has well-developed and separated by small space.Differences among leaf anatomical structure are the ranges of variation among thickness of leaf and mesophyll,intercellular space.The range of the thickness of spongy tissue variation is the biggest followed by intercellular spaces and the ratio of palisade and spongy.All leaf anatomical structures of eight species show distinctive characteristics for both mesophyte and xerophytes,and even hygrophyte.Results show that there may be distinctive manners of plant adaptations to various environments,but that all plants adapt to hypoxia,low temperatures,and intense radiation environments.