拇指皮肤软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

Repair of soft tissue defect of the thumb by flaps

目的:总结应用5种不同类型的皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床效果及体会。方法:自2001年1月～2008年12月,应用5种类型的皮瓣(拇背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣、中环指指动脉侧方岛状皮瓣、示指背侧皮瓣、踇趾腓侧皮瓣、踇甲皮瓣)共69块修复拇指软组织缺损63例。男42例,女21例;年龄16～59岁,平均32岁。机器伤46例,鞭炮炸伤4例,车祸伤4例,电锯伤4例,烧伤1例,指端再植术后坏死2例,重物砸伤2例。缺损面积:1.5 cm×2.0 cm～4.0 cm×5.0 cm。急诊手术47例,16例延期手术修复。结果:1例示指背侧顺行岛状皮瓣,切取失败,改行其它皮瓣修复,1例趾腓侧皮瓣术后动脉顽固性痉挛致坏死,1例拇指桡背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣蒂部缝合较紧,出现静脉回流障碍,皮瓣远1/3部分坏死,经换药后愈合,3例皮瓣在术后36～48小时皮瓣明显肿胀,呈淡紫色,皮瓣远端出现表皮下积液、水疱等情况,经处理后皮瓣成活,其余皮瓣未经特殊处理均顺利成活,成功率95.6%。随访6个月～5年,皮瓣外形好、耐磨,吻合神经的24例,皮瓣两点分辨觉在6～9 mm,没有吻合神经的皮瓣由于受区神经的长入也产生了保护性感觉功能,示指背侧顺行岛状皮瓣有异位定位感觉。结论:治疗拇指软组织缺损,应根据病人不同的要求、不同的创面,结合患者的性别、年龄、职业以及皮瓣本身的特点,充分考虑供区的功能和美观要求,权衡利弊,选择合适的皮瓣,才能取得满意的疗效。

Objective：The clinical results of 5 types of flaps for the coverage of soft tissue defect of the thumb were presented.Methods：From January 2001 to December 2008,63 patients had accepted thumb reconstruction with 5 types of flaps,47 cases of emergency surgery and 16 cases of delayed surgical repair.Results：57 flaps of fingers survived well;4 flaps necrosed partly,the wound healed by changing the dressing;2 flaps necrosed completely,then other flaps were choosed to treat the defects.The flaps were followed up for 3 months to 5 years,and the contour and function of the injured digits were satisfied.Conclusion：Conditions of the patients,as well as function and appearances of donor and recipient site shound be taken into consideration when a flap is chosen.