公众环境行为改变与环境政策的影响——一个实证研究

Study of Public Environmental Behavior Changes and Environmental Policies

中国经济在快速发展的同时,政府倡导建设生态文明和发展低碳经济,公众的环境意识和环境行为也在发生着积极的转变。本文依据Dunlap新环境范式理论,采用2006年和2009年横截面数据比较分析公众环境行为的转变并探寻长期稳定的影响因素。实证结果说明:公众陈述的浅层环境行为提高幅度约为25.5%,而深层环境行为改进为7.8%,环境知识水平提高仅3.8%。环境知识是长期影响浅层和深层环境行为的变量;收入和居住地仅对深层环境行为有长期显著影响;学生较其他职业人群一直都表现出更为积极地浅层和深层环境行为。约束性强的环境政策对公众环境行为有显著影响,而软环境政策效果不明显。建议政府执行更加积极的约束性环境经济政策,通过加强环境教育,提高公众的环境行为水平。

As the government constructed ecological civilization and developed low-carbon economy in the peri od of the rapid development of China＇s economy, the public environmental awareness and behavior changes are occurring at the same time. Based on New Environmental Paradigm, this article adopts the cross-sectional data to compare, analyze the public changes in environmental behavior, and explore the long-term-stable influencing factors. Empirical results show that： the shallow environmental behavior of the public statement has been improved by about 25.5% while the deep environmental behavior by 7.8% and the environmental knowledge has been increased only by 3.8%. The environmental knowledge is the variables that have long affected the shallow and deep environmental behaviors. Income and domicile have a long and significant effect on deep environmental behaviors. Students have been showing more positive shallow and deep environmental behaviors. Environmental policies in environmental behavior of the public are not significant. It has been suggested that governments further push forward a more active national movement through more positive environmental economic policies, and by raising the level of the public environmental knowledge.