人力资本与产业结构转化的动态匹配效应——就业、增长和收入分配问题的评述

The Effect of Dynamic Maching between Human Capital and Industrial Structure Transformation

产业结构转化是一个动态过程,其本质是对生产要素的重新配置。人力资本是产业结构转化的基础,决定了产业结构转化的速度、方向和效果。在数量、结构和类型上,人力资本与产业结构转化不匹配,是造成失业增加、经济波动和收入差距扩大的重要原因。中国人力资本的总体水平较低,并且低层次人力资本占有很大比重,人力资本的区域分布也不平衡,所以劳动力在产业之间的自由流动受到了很大限制。这妨碍了各种要素生产力的充分发挥,制约了技术进步以及知识和资本密集型产业的发展,造成了不同产业之间生产要素使用效率的差异,由此产生了结构性失业,阻碍了经济增长,扩大了收入差距。

The transformation of industrial structure is a dynamic process, and its essence is product factors reallocation.Human capital is its foundation and decides the speed, direction, and effection.If human capital does not match with the transformation of industrial structure, there will be more unemployment, economic fluctuation, and income disparity.In our country, the level of human capital is low, and so there is too much labor force with low-level human capital.In addition, there is different quantity of human capital in different regions.Therefore, labour force cannot flow freely between different industries, which reduces the productivity of factors and restricts technic advance, and then there is efficiency disparity of product factors between different industries.Similarly, this phenomenon increases structural unemployment, induces economic growth and enlarges income gap.