广州市中小学生近视健康教育干预效果研究

Effect of health education intervention on myopia among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市海珠区中、小学学生近视健康教育干预效果,为全区近视防治提供基础资料。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,进行为期1年的健康教育干预。干预方式主要是派发宣传资料、举办讲座、健康教育课等。结果经过干预,初中学生对核心健康知识认知率由56.64%上升到70.16%(P<0.01);小学生由49.04%上升到64.98%(P<0.01)。在近视不良行为方面,小学生由22.54%上升到33.30%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在学习环境方面,认为家里灯光亮度正合适的中学生由干预前的77.90%下降为58.60%(P<0.05),认为课桌椅高度刚好合适的小学生由干预前95.80%下降到89.30%(P<0.05)。近视的中学生中,坚持戴眼镜的由22.90%上升到56.30%(P<0.05);小学生中,坚持戴眼镜的由5.00%上升到31.30%(P<0.05)。结论短期健康教育干预可以有效提高学生近视健康知识知晓率,但对近视危险行为、学习环境改进、过度用眼和患病率影响作用不明显。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education intervention on myopia among primary and middle school students in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City,so as to provide the evidence for improving the myopia control.Methods By the clustering stratified random sampling method,the students in 2 classes were selected and performed with the health education intervention for 1 year.The results were analyzed statistically. Results With the intervention for 1 year,the rate of the core health knowledge about myopia increased from 56.64% to 70.16%（P0.01） in the junior middle school students,and it increased from 49.04% to 64.98% in the primary school students（P0.01）.The rate of myopia unhealthy behavior increased from 22.54% to 33.30% in the primary school students（P0.01）.In the aspect of study environment,the rate of the junior middle school students who think that the brightness of the light at home was suitable decreased from 77.90% to 58.60%（P0.05）,and it decreased from 95.80% to 89.30% in the primary school students（P0.05）.Conclusions The short-term（1 year） intervention of health education can significantly increase the rate of core health knowledge about myopia among students,but it is no obvious effect on reducing the unhealthy behaviors and the rate of myopia.