贵州省城乡居民传染病相关知识技能和行为调查

Survey on infectious diseases knowledge,skills and behavior among urban and rural residents in Guizhou Province

目的了解贵州省城乡居民传染病相关知识技能和行为的情况,为提出相关健康教育干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取调查对象,使用国家统一制作的调查问卷进行面对面询问式调查。结果少数民族与汉族、城市与农村居民、不同文化程度居民间传染病知识技能与行为存在差异。居民普遍对艾滋病的传播途径有误解,结核病的症状、免费治疗政策、规律服药知晓率较低,虫媒传染病的知晓率低于10%,具有识别"药品标签"能力的在城乡分别为29.8%和9.8%,会使用体温计者不足50%,"吐痰行为"正确率低于5%。不同文化程度调查对象相关知识技能与行为的得分有差异。结论健康教育是公共卫生服务均等化的重要内容之一,应重点加强针对农村居民、少数民族、低文化程度人群的传染病防治健康教育,发展社会经济、文化、教育也是提高全民健康素养的基础。

Objective To understand the status of infectious diseases knowledge,skills and behavior among urban and rural residents in Guizhou Province to provide evidence for the development of local health education intervention strategies.Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted by multi-stage stratified cluster random sample in 2008.The data was collected through face to face interview by the investigators trained with a nationwide used questionnaire.Results There were differences in infectious diseases knowledge,skills and behavior between minority and Han,urban and rural residents,as well as the residents in different educational level.Generally,the residents had misunderstanding of transmission of AIDS,and their awareness rate of TB symptoms and free treatment policy of TB were low.In addition,the awareness rate of insect-borne communicable diseases was lower than 10%;only 29.8% of the urban residents and 9.8% of the rural residents could understand medicine label;less than 50% of the residents could use a thermometers correctly;and the rate of appropriate spitting behavior was lower than 5%.Conclusion Health education is one of the important components of public health service equalization.The health education of infectious diseases prevention and treatment should be enhanced,especially in rural,minority,and poor-educated populations.Social economic,cultural,education development is essential for health education.