天津市流动人口结核病防治知识来源及健康教育材料需求分析

Analysis on demand of health education materials and information on tuberculosis prevention among floating population in Tianjin

目的了解天津市流动人口结核病防治知识来源及流动人口预防结核病健康教育材料的实际需求,为有针对性的开展结核病健康教育提供依据,为开发有效的健康教育材料提供参考。方法采用问卷、走访、座谈等方法对流动人口获取结核病防治知识的途径及对健康教育材料的实际需求进行调查。结果流动人口结核病防治知识的来源主要为与别人聊天(45.51%)、报纸/杂志/书刊(43.40%)、电视(41.29%)、广播(36.75%)和传单/折页(34.11%),其他途径由高到低分别为宣传栏/墙报/黑板报(26.93%)、集会宣传/展览(21.01%)、网络(17.64%)、学校教育(15.95%)和磁带/录像带/光盘(7.18%)等。男性和女性获得有关知识的主要途径无统计学差异。最受流动人口欢迎的预防结核病健康教育材料是图画为主(图文并茂)的材料(宣传画、折页、连环画),选择人员占31.57%,其次是文字为主的材料(报纸、杂志、书、小册子),占24.71%,第三是声像制品(磁带、录像带、光盘),占18.80%。不同性别人员对健康教育材料的需求无统计学差异。结论与别人聊天、报刊杂志、电视、广播和宣传单是流动人口获得结核病防治知识的主要来源,不同性别人员获得知识的来源无明显差异。结核病健康教育材料应针对流动人口的休闲方式与喜好进行开发。

Objective To understand the real demand on health education materials and information on tuberculosis prevention among floating population in Tianjin,and provide the evidence for clearly segmented health education planning and developing the proper training materials.Methods Questionnaire,prospecting,and discussion.Results The main approaches were as follows： chatting with others（45.51%）,newspapers/magazine/journals（43.40%）,TV（41.29%）,radio（36.75%）,and leaflets（34.11%）.The other approaches included billboard/wall newspaper/blackboard newspaper（26.93%）,health education activities/ exhibition（21.01%）,internet（17.64%）,schools（15.95%）and cassette/video tape/CD（7.18%）.No statistic difference was found in different gender.The most popular educational materials on tuberculosis prevention were the pictures-dominant materials（poster,leaflet and comic strip）（31.57%）,and text-dominant material（newspaper,magazine,book and brochure）（24.71%）,as well as the audio and video products（cassette,video and CD）（18.80%）.The demand for health education materials had no obvious difference in different gender.Conclusion The main source of knowledge are chatting,newspapers and journals,televisions,radio and leaflets and the main approaches had no difference in different gender.Design and development health educational materials on tuberculosis prevention for floating population should be based on recreational pattern and interests of floating population.