从保护生态到经营生态:我国《森林法》价值观的转向

From Ecology Protecting to Ecology Managing:Value Shift of Chinese Forest Law

保护生态是人类对生态危机最直接的反应,其以生态与经济效益对立为理论基础,是为保护资源不受侵害为目的。森林法以保护生态为价值观体现为对森林等资源的消极保护,对林权予以限制,阻碍了市场机制的发挥。生态经济学的产生为经营生态价值观的确立提供了理论基础,森林生态系统要素的多样性、价值的多样性和巨大性等为经营生态提供了条件。以经营生态为价值观,森林法应当强化市场的作用,扩大市场主体的经营权。

Protecting ecology is the initial and direct reaction to the ecological crisis,which is based on the theory of the conflict between the ecology and economical benefits,and aims at preventing the resources from infringement The Forest Law takes the ecology protection as its value basis,embodying a passive protection of resources and the limits of the forest rights,thereby impedes the normal working of the market mechanism.With the deepening of the people＇s understanding,the appearing of the ecological economy provides the theoretical basis for the establishment of the ecological managing values and the diversity of the ecological elements of forests,and the variety and greatness of values provide conditions for ecological managing.On the basis of the values of ecological managing,the Forest Law should strengthen the functions of the market and expand the managing rights of the market subjects.