平河梁自然保护区夏季鸟类及其群落结构

A Study on Summer Birds and Their Community Structures in Pingheliang Nature Reserve

从2009年7至8月,对陕西平河梁自然保护区的鸟类进行了调查研究,共发现100种鸟,分属于13目41科.其中,国家Ⅱ级保护物种6种;属古北界的有33种,东洋界50种,广布种17种;且迁徙鸟较少(30种),留鸟较多(70种),各占总数的30.0%和70.0%.分析发现,优势种有10种,常见种有14种,少见种有49种,稀有种有27种,说明平河梁鸟类中,可能有生存危险的物种比例较高.四个群落中,以森林群落的鸟类多样性状况最好,因为鸟类数量和物种数均最多,候鸟占比也最大;水域群落的鸟类丰富度指数、多样性指数、均匀度指数均最小,尽管旅鸟占比最大,但其鸟类多样性状况最差.水域的鸟类群落以水生为主而其它的以陆生为主,故水域与其他3个群落的鸟类相似性指数相对较小.该地区受到人为干扰影响的程度有加大的趋势,所以应准确掌握鸟类的生存状况,开展长期的监测和较为系统的生物学研究,为有关职能部门制定保护政策和措施提供科学依据.

Avian field survey was carried out in Pingheliang Nature Reserve in Shanxi province from July to August of 2009.A total of 100 species were recorded,including to 41 families,13 orders.Among all the birds,6 species birds are listed as rank Ⅱ species in the name list of National Protected Wildlife.In terms of geographical distribution,there were 33 palaearctic species,50 oriental species,17 cosmopolitan species.Migrants have a lower rate at 30.0%（30 species） of all the birds,and the others are residents（70 species,70.0%）.Through analysis,the data of research（dominant species： 10 species;frequent species： 14 species;seldom species： 49 species;rare species： 27 species） show the avian conservation and management should be strengthened in Pingheliang Nature Reserve,for the comparatively high percent of species are in possible danger of survival.Among the four communities,the forest community has the most richness of birds,because it has the most quantity and number of species,and the greatest rate of resident bird species.Due to the smallest richness,diversity and evenness indexes,in despite of the greatest rate of immigrants,water area community has the least avian diversity.Birds of water area community are basically lived on water,but the others mainly live in terrestrial,so there are smaller likeness coefficients of birds between water area community and the other three communities.However,the trend of human interference in the region is increasing,so it is necessary for people to grasp the living conditions of birds accurately through a long-term monitoring and systematic biology research that can be the scientific basis for relevant functional departments to formulate policies and measures to protect them better.