新中国“以租养房”政策困境化的历史考察——以上海为中心

A Historical Inspection of the Predicament of the National Policy of "Supporting Public Housing with Rent" in New China: A Case Study of Shanghai

"以租养房"是新中国城市公有住房的房租政策,1948年底提出后大致经历了三个阶段:国家房租政策的正式提出与实施;机关宿舍的低租与企业宿舍的仿效,房租政策受到冲击;提租调控与租金继续降低。1965年,国务院批转国家房管局《关于制止降低公有住宅租金标准问题的报告》,标志着该政策名存实亡,难以为继的根本原因是低租福利思想。作为一种片面的福利待遇,低租产生了若干经济和社会问题。

＂Supporting public housing with rent＂ was a national rent policy adopted by the government of New China with urban public housing.This policy went through three stages after it was adopted at the end of 1948： the official adoption by the central government and its implementation;low rent of living quarters for staff and workers of the Party and government organs to be followed by the enterprises,leading to the erosion of the government rent policy;the control and regulation over the increase of rent and its continued reduction.In 1965,the State Council approved and transmitted the ＂Report on Putting an End to Reducing Rent Standard for Public Housing＂ submitted by the State Housing Administration,which signified the existence of the policy only in name.The root cause of the difficulty for the policy to carry on was the low-rent welfare psychology.Low rent as a one-sided fringe benefit gave rise to a number of economic and social problems.