西域石窟壁画中的图案艺术

The Pattern Art of Grotto Murals in the Western Regions

西域石窟壁画中有许多装饰性的图案,其中花草纹饰中的忍冬纹,卷草纹,莲花纹,宝相花等非常有特色。最典型的是菱格图案画装饰。在西域石窟壁画中,图案分布非常广泛,不论是支提窟,还是毗诃罗窟内;无论是窟内前后室、中心柱和佛龛,还是穹庐顶、拱券顶、平棋顶、套斗顶都有图案,可以辨识的图案纹样约有三十余种。藻井图案,则大都层层加饰,色泽各异,在佛窟殿堂中独立存在,其造型千姿百态,是佛教圣殿中的一朵艺术奇葩。

The grotto murals in the Western Regions contain a lot of decorative patterns, including acanthus design, scroll design, lotus＇design, rosette design and some other distinctive patterns. The most typical is rhombus ornamental decoration. Of the grotto murals in the Western Regions, the patterns are distributed extensively, whether in caitya grotto or in Visvabhn grotto; whether in frontal and rear vaults in the grotto, central pillar and niche or vault, arch, plane and bracket. The identified patterns roughly number 30 or more. The ceiling patterns are mostly decorated layer upon layer, with different hues, only availahle in grotto hall in different shapes, it is a distinctive genre of art in Buddhist sacred hall.