从“规范与教化”到“过程与实在”——生态道德信仰何以可能

On the Possibility of Ecological Moral Beliefs from"Norms and Cultivation"to"Process and Reality"

当今人类所面临的诸多生态危机的实质是人类生存观念的危机,其根源在于自近代以来启蒙的哲学和伦理文化所倡导和推崇的狭隘的理性主义的世界观和价值理性意识,它忽视了现代人对自然应有的伦理责任和道德义务,导致了现代人与其生存环境的实质性分离,这是现代人道德信仰危机最为深刻的根源;怀特海的过程哲学强调人与其生存环境的有机关联,主张对生态的道德敬畏,从而在"生态整体性利益至上"的前提下,实现一种人与其周围环境的共在、共生和有序进化。它要求我们树立一种新的"生态道德信仰",在道德教育的路径选择上,真正实现从"规范与教化"到"过程与实在"的转变,将道德关怀的对象从人群共同体道德扩展到生态共同体道德,培养现代人所应有的生态世界观、生态道德观、生态社会观、生态价值观,最终实现一种现代文明所吁求的"理性生态人"的有效道德教育目标。

The essence of various ecological crises Human Beings facing today is the crises of the Human Being＇s living concepts which originated from the rationalism s narrow - minded outlook of the world and the consciousness of value rationality initiated and praised by the enlightenment philosophy and ethic culture since modem times.It ignores the ethical responsibilities and moral obligations that modem people should have for the nature which leading to the essential separation of modem people and their living environment.This is the deepest root for belief crisis of the modern people＇s moral.Alfred North Whitehead emphasizes the organic nexus between man and his living environment,advocates the moral awe for ecology,thus to realize the togetherness,coexistence and orders evolvement between man and environment around on the condition that ＂the overall ecological interests go first＂ in his Process Philosophy.It requires us to establish a new ＂ecological moral belief＂,to make the change from ＂norms and cultivation＂ to ＂process and reality＂ into reality while choosing for moral education methods,and to enlarge the subject of moral concerns from the morality of human community to the morality to ecology community,cultivating the ecological outlook of the world, ecological morality,ecological view of the society and ecological value that modern people should have,and finally achieve an effective moral education goal of ＂rational eco - man＂ appealing to modem civilization.