国际外包的劳动力市场效应:研究综述

A Survey on the Labor Market Effects of International Outsourcing

国际外包使得国际分工与贸易的对象深入到工序层面,改变了国际贸易的性质,带来了国际贸易的增加和国际竞争的加剧,同时也对参与国的劳动力市场形成了重要影响,特别是对参与国国内熟练与非熟练劳动的工资差异、相对就业和劳动生产率、国民福利和收入分配等有重大影响。对国际外包劳动力市场效应的研究使得国际外包理论深入到了要素层面,然而现有理论研究的结论依赖于所使用的理论框架体系,而经验研究的结论则严重依赖于对外包指标的具体度量方法和行业分类标准。今后应当在分析框架方面借鉴产业组织和劳动经济学的相关理论,改进国际外包的劳动力市场效应研究,并对发展中国家的劳动力市场进行更深入的分析。

International outsourcing makes the object of international specialization and trade deep into stages of production,which changes the nature and increases the volume of international trade and intensifies international competition,which has a profound impact on labor market,especially on the wage dispersion and relative employment between skilled and unskilled labor and that on labor productivity.Such impacts will influence national welfare and income distribution.Such study makes the theory of international outsourcing go deep into factor aspects.However,the results of theoretical analysis in existence rely on the theoretical systems which they use,and the results of empirical analysis he heavily on the measurement method of international outsourcing and different standard of industry classification.We should do more research on the experiences of theories from industrial organization and labor economy especially for developing countries.