《尚书》及两汉经学有关巫咸的叙事与角色认定

The Identity of Wu Xian Described in Shangshu and the Confucian Classics of Han Dynasty

《书序.咸乂》和《尚书.君奭》两次提到巫咸。孔安国作为西汉古文经学家,把巫咸说成是殷商王朝的贤臣,巫指姓氏,咸是其名。东汉古文经学家许慎从文字构形切入,认定巫咸的身份是殷商朝廷的巫师。马融、郑玄师徒兼通古文和今文经学,他们一致认定巫咸兼有朝廷官员和巫师的双重身份。司马迁作为孔安国的弟子,兼用今文和古文《尚书》,对巫师所作的叙事和认定未能一以贯之,有时回避他的巫师角色,有时又把他纳入巫师行列。

Wu Xian appears twice in Shangshu,one in the preface of Xianyi,another in Junshi.The study about Shangshu,which a member of five Confucian Classics,includes ＂Guwen＂ and ＂Jinwen＂,two schools based on Chinese script before the Qin Dynasty and the official script in Han Dynasty.Kong Anguo,a researcher of ＂Guwen＂ in western Han Dynasty,said Wu Xian was a virtuous minister of the Shang dynasty,＂Wu＂ as his surname and ＂Xian＂ as his name.Xu Shen,as a researcher of ＂Guwen＂ in eastern Han Dynasty,thought Wu Xian as a wizard in the imperial court of Shang Dynasty.Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan,both ＂Guwen＂ and ＂Jinwen＂,regarded Wu Xian as a wizard and a minister in the imperial court of Shang Dynasty.Si Maqian,as a follower of Kong Anguo,narrated Wu Xian variously,sometimes as a minister,sometimes implying his the role of wizard.