海南产肉豆蔻叶挥发油及其主要成分动态变化研究

Dynamic changes of volatile oil and major constituents from leaves of Myristica fragrans Houtt in Hainan Province

目的:研究海南产肉豆蔻叶挥发油及其主要成分含量动态变化,确定肉豆蔻叶适宜采收时间。方法:每月中旬采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取雌、雄肉豆蔻鲜叶挥发油,并对部分挥发油采用GC-MS法测定化学成分。结果:雄株叶挥发油4月和11月含量最高分别达0.447%、0.450%,雌株4月份最高达0.503%。除10月雌、雄植株叶挥发油含量相同外,其它月份雄株均低于雌株。单萜及其衍生物含量,雄株1月最高90.0%,雌株5月和11月最高达86.2%、86.1%。其中α-蒎烯含量,雄株5月最高达29.24%,雌株1月最高达14.70%;而4-萜烯醇含量,雄、雌株均9月最高,分别为13.84%、18.20%。结论:肉豆蔻叶挥发油及其主要成分含量不同月份差异明显,应根据需要适时采收。

AIM： We studied the dynamic changes of volatile oil and major constituents from leaves of Myristica fragrans Houtt in order to find out the appropriate picking time.METHODS：The volatile oil from leaves of maleand female plants was extracted by steam distillation in the middle ten days of every month in 2008.The mainchemical components in the oil were determined and indentified by GC-MS.RESULTS：The contents of the oilfrom leaves of male Myristica fragrans Houtt were the highest in April and October,and amounted to 0.447%and0.450%,respectively.The highest content in female plants was 0.503%in April.The contents of oil from leavesin female was higher than that in male but for October.The highest contents of monoterpenoids and their derivativeranged up to 90.0%in oil from leaves of male plants in January.But these compounds from female plant were thehighest in May and November,and amounted to 86.2%,86.1%.The highest content ofα-pinene from leaves ofmale plants was 29.24%in May,and 14.70%in the oil from leaves of female plants;the contents of terpine-4-olwere the highest in the oil of leaves from male and female plants in April amounted to 13.84%and 18.20%,re-spectively.CONCLUSION：The contents of volatile oil from leaves of Myristica fragrans Houtt with differentmonths,and major constituents are different in one year.The leaves should be gathered in optimal time accordingto the need.