新型炭载TM-N/C氧还原反应催化剂的研究进展

Development of new type of carbon supported non-noble metal TM-N/C catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

燃料电池氧化还原反应具有反应速度慢、反应途径多样性的不利特点,需在催化剂作用下才能进行。对铂基催化剂的依赖使质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)成本过高,限制了其大规模商业应用。研究成本低廉、有良好的ORR催化活性、对电子反应途径有好的选择性、对甲醇有耐受性、良好的稳定性的阴极催化剂是PEMFC实现大规模商业化使用的关键。过渡金属TM-N/C催化剂是近几年兴起的一类氧还原反应催化剂,被认为是最有希望取代铂基催化剂的产品。从影响催化性能的因素、催化活性位两个方面综述了TM-N/C氧还原反应催化剂的研究发展状况。

Oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） in proton exchange membrane fuel cells（PEMFCs） needs catalysts to accelerate the reaction rate because of its sluggish kinetics and the complicate reaction mechanism.Carbon supported platinum and its alloys are still the best catalysts for ORR.However,the high cost of platinum-based catalysts limits the commercialization of PEMFCs.Exploring a cathodic catalyst with lower cost,better catalysis activity to ORR,better selectivity for 4-electrons reaction mechanism,better tolerance to methanol and better stability is the key to the large-scale application of PEMFCs.Recently,non-noble metal TM-N/C was intensively investigated as a promising ORR catalyst to replace the platinum-based catalysts.The influencing factors to catalysis performance and active site of the TM-N/C catalysts were discussed in this paper.