论社会治理领域中管理主义的兴衰

The Rise and Decline of Managerialism in Public Governance

社会治理是与人类社会相始终的一个根本问题,在不同的历史阶段,社会治理的内容与形式又有着不同的表现。农业社会是一个等级社会,等级统治就是农业社会社会治理的基本内容。工业化瓦解了等级制度,也摧毁了等级统治。虽然工业社会的治理模式仍然保留了统治的内容,但却更为依赖通过管理行为去进行社会治理。工业社会的社会治理体现了一种管理主义的精神与原则,这种精神与原则在社会组织化的过程中得到了不断的强化,使工业社会变成了一个受到全面管理的社会。20世纪后期的结社革命重新发现了多样性的价值,开启了公共管理这种全新的治理形态,也使管理主义走向了衰落。

The public govemance is a basic problem which is old -line with human society. During the different times, the content and form of public governance has different forms of expression. The agricultural society is a grading one with the class rule as the basic content of public governance. However, the feudal hierarchy and class rule collapse under the impact of industriali- zation. Although the thought of domination still remains, the public governance of industrial society is more relying on ad- ministration behaviors. The public governance of industrial society represents spirit and principles of Managerialism which is enhanced during the process of social systematization and makes the industrial society a total managed society. The revolution of association, rose in the late period of 20th Century, recovers the value of diversity; starts a new manner of govemance, the public management, and causes the Managerialism to fall into a decline.