竞技体育越轨行为的产生及其法律控制

Cause and the Legal Control of Deviant Behaviors in Athletic Sports

在竞技体育领域,存在如服用兴奋剂、球场暴力、"假球"、"黑哨"等破坏性越轨和运动技术的演进、妇女参加体育运动等良性越轨。因而,需要合理、客观、科学地对待越轨,并能够在其发生或可能发生时做出恰当的反应。越轨的发生随着社会的变迁而有其自身的形态和内涵特征,中国竞技体育领域内发生的越轨行为也有其自身原因。研究认为,中国竞技体育主体间利益差别明显是根本原因;缺少具有国家强制力保证的法律规范的控制是制度原因;调整竞技体育主体行为的规范之间存在冲突是内在原因。针对竞技体育越轨行为一度泛滥的局面,提出应从法律外化和法律内化两方面着手,突出法律作为最权威、最有效、最严厉的社会控制手段的作用,遏制破坏性越轨行为在竞技体育领域的发生。

In athletic sports,there exist many kinds of destructive deviant behaviors such as doping in sports,soccer violence,soccer fraud,black whistle and benign deviant behavior such as progress of sport technique,women participating in sports.Therefore,it is necessary to hold a rational,objective and scientific attitude toward deviant behavior,and it is also essential to make a proper reaction when this kind of behavior occurs or is likely to occur.With the development of society,the occurrence of deviant behavior possesses its own pattern and characteristics.The deviant behaviors occurred in the field of athletic sports in China have their own reasons as well.The research indicates that the significant benefit difference among subjects in athletic sports of China is the primary cause;the lack of control of legal norms that should be guaranteed by national mandatory force is the institutional reason;and the conflict among the behavioral norms of athletic sport subjects is the inner cause.This paper puts forward that it is necessary to handle the problem from laws of inside-out and laws of outside-in two aspects,highlight the function of laws as the most authoritative,effective and severest social control means,and finally hold back deviant behavior from occurring in the field of athletic sports.