运动员的自我损耗:干扰任务的实验方法探讨

Ego Depletion in Athletes:An Experiment Approach on Interference Task

探讨传统语词干扰任务是否可以移植到运动员群体。试验一采用语词干扰任务,30名运动员分成6 min无干扰基线组、6 min语词干扰组、9 min语词干扰组,探讨干扰时间与损耗效应关系。结果:3组在Stroop任务表现上不存在差异;完成任务的主观难度和努力程度不存在差异。试验二采用新研制的9 min比赛录像干扰任务,20名运动员分成9 min无干扰基线组和9 min比赛录像干扰组,探讨比赛录像干扰任务与损耗效应关系。结果:与无干扰基线组相比,比赛录像干扰组完成任务的主观难度和努力程度更高,Stroop任务上的色词不匹配反应时更长。这提示,新研制的比赛录像干扰任务是诱发运动员损耗效应的有效手段,该结果为运动领域的自我损耗研究提供方法学上的贡献。

The purpose of this study was to explore whether the words interference task can be transferred in athletes.Thirty athletes,who were divided into 3 groups：6min no interference baseline,6min words interference and 9min words interference,received traditional words interference task in experiment 1.The purpose of experiment 1 was to explore the relationship between the time of words interference and depletion effect.The result showed that there were no significant differences among three groups on Stroop performance;Manipulation checks suggested that,there were no significant differences among three groups on perceived difficulty and effort of depletion task.In experiment 2,we introduced a new 9min game video interference task to explore the relationship between game video interference task and depletion effect.Twenty subjects were divided into 2 groups,9min no interference baseline and 9min game video interference task.The result showed that as compared with 9min no interference baseline group,game video interference group perceived more difficult and effort,and their word-color non-match reaction time in Stroop task was longer.These results suggested that new game video interference task was an effective means inducing depletion effect of athletes.The result provided methodological contribution to researches on ego depletion in sport field.