乡豪、盐官与地方政治：《庐江郡何氏家记》所见元末明初的广东社会

Country Gentlemen,Salt Officers and Local Politics:Guangdong Society in Time of Late Yuan and Early Ming Dynasties from "Record of He's Family of Lujiang County"

元末明初的广东是一个乡豪所支配的社会。乡豪势力所支配的格局与社会经济、文化资源的分布密不可分。《庐江郡何氏家记》以何真家族的事迹为线索,详细地再现了元末明初广东乡豪势力崛起直至衰落的历史过程。元末广东群雄竞起,东莞境内势力最强的乡豪们占据了四大盐场和盐栅,他们不仅控制食盐生产和运销,也控制这些地区的盐民。何真的崛起,与控制东莞、惠州地区的盐场密不可分。宋元时期乡豪控制盐场社会的现象,提示我们需要谨慎对待中国历史上王朝统治下的食盐专卖制度。就广东而言,宋元食盐专卖制度似与明代以后的食盐专卖制度有所不同,无论是盐民的管理,还是食盐的运销,宋元时期官府力量显然并没有完全渗透到盐场社会,乡豪势力是盐场社会结构中的重要组成部分。

In late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties,Guangdong was a society dominated by country gentlemen.The pattern of country gentlemen＇s dominant and,social economy and the distribution of cultural resource was impartibility.The Record of He＇s Family of Lujiang County taking the story of He Zhen＇family as a clue was an amply reappearance of historical course of rise and decline of Guangdong＇s country gentlemen in late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties.In late Yuan Dynasty,many powerful men appeared and the most powerful country gentlemen held four large salt sites and railings.They did not only control the production and marketing of common salt but also control local salt people.The growing up of He Zhen was impartibility with local salt site of Dongguan and Huizhou.The social phenomena of salt sites dominated by country gentlemen in the time of Song and Yuan Dynasties hinted us that common salt system under Kingdom should be carefully treated.Taking Guangdong as an example,salt system in the time of Song and Yuan Dynasties was as if similar to that of after Ming＇s,whatever the management of salt people and the transport and marketing of common salt,the force of government of Song and Yuan Dynasty did not penetrated into the society of salt site,the force country gentlemen was an important form in the structure of salt site society.