细胞自噬的调节机制与选择性降解(英文)

Autophagy:regulatory mechanism and selective degradation

细胞自噬是一个多步骤的降解过程.当细胞自噬发生时,具有双层膜结构的自噬小体先把待降解的细胞内容物包裹起来,然后与溶酶体融合将内容物降解.细胞自噬起初仅被认为是对营养缺乏的适应性机制,是一个非选择性降解过程.近些年来不断深入的研究表明,细胞自噬同时还参与了抵抗炎症、肿瘤、神经退行性变及心脏病等重要生理过程.随着细胞自噬受体蛋白p62的发现,人们进一步认识到细胞自噬还是一个具有高度选择性的降解过程.本文综述了细胞自噬的调节机制及其对一些蛋白聚合体的选择性降解.

Autophagy is a multistep degradation process,which results in the formation of double-membrane organelles termed autophagosomes,the sequestration of cytoplasm portions,and the delivery of autophagosomes to lysosomes for degradation.Autophagy has been originally described as a non-selective process and an adaptive mechanism stimulated by nutrition deprivation.However,with intensive study over recent years,autophagy has been found to be implicated in infection,cancer,neurodegeneration,and heart disease.The finding of autophagy receptor protein p62 further lends evidence that autophagy is also a highly selective process.This review attempts to summarize the regulation of autophagy,and the selective autophagic degradation of protein aggregates.