铁路车轮导纳分析

Railway wheel receptance analysis

为控制铁路车轮的振动和噪声辐射,采用模态叠加法分析车轮频率响应,利用ANSYS建立车轮结构有限元模型,根据0～10 000 Hz的模态计算0～5 000 Hz内的频率响应,用Block Lanzos法计算50～5 000 Hz内车轮的固有频率和振型,分析车轮的固有模态和导纳特性.研究结果表明:车轮在名义接触点处受到不同方向激励时所得的导纳特性与车轮相应的模态有关;对于车轮不同接触点处的激励,在1 000 Hz以下频段,轮缘轴向激励引起的径向导纳大于踏面径向激励引起的径向导纳,在其他频段,踏面径向激励引起的径向导纳都比轮缘激励引起的径向导纳大.铁路车轮导纳分析有助于探明车轮噪声产生的机理,是轮轨噪声分析的基础.

To control vibration and noise radiation of railway wheel,the wheel frequency response is analyzed by mode superposition method.A finite element model of the wheel is built by ANSYS to calculate frequency response within 0 ～ 5 000 Hz according to the modes of 0 ～ 10 000 Hz.Block Lanzos method is used to calculate natural frequency and vibration modes of the wheel,and analyze natural modes and receptance properties of the wheel within 50 ～ 5 000 Hz.The results show that the receptance properties caused by excitation from different directions at the nominal contact point are related to the corresponding modes of the wheel;for excitation below 1 000 Hz which is at different contact points of the wheel,the radial responses caused by flange axial excitation are greater than the ones caused by tread radial excitation;in other frequency bands,the radial receptance caused by tread radial excitation are greater than the ones caused by flange axial excitation.Railway wheel receptance analysis,that is the basis of wheel-rail noise analysis,is helpful to discover the wheel noise generation mechanism.