盆栽枣树萌芽展叶期需水规律研究

Water Requirement Rule of Bonsai Jujube in Sprouting and Expanding Leaf Period

枣树是耐旱树种,但离不开适当的水分供应,只有在保障枣树对水分生理需求的条件下,在枣树一年中每个生命活动的每个生育环节保证水分供应,才有高产和优质可言。以盆栽2年生梨枣树为试材,探索了枣树萌芽展叶期生理过程中的水分需求变化规律。研究表明,4月16日-4月30日根系开始活动期间的需水量最小,主要为土壤蒸发,为1.6 mm/d;随着温度升高和枣树的萌芽展叶,需水量逐渐增加,5月3日到5月28日的展叶期需水量平均为4.4 mm/d;土壤含水率越高越有利于幼树的生长,幼树萌芽展叶期土壤含水率在50%～65%田间持水率时就能维持幼树的正常生长。

Jujube is one kind of drought-tolerant tree,but it can not grow well without proper water supply.Only under the condition of guarantying the physiological needs of water and ensuring the water supply during each stage of jujube life activities,the high quality and yield can be obtained.Taking the bonsai pear-jujube tree with 2 years growth period as studied material,the water demand change rule of pear-jujube during the period of the sprouting and expending leaf is researched in this paper.The result indicates that the water requirement is the smallest during April 16 to 30,in which the root system begins to act,and the main water consumption is evapotranspiration and 1.6 mm per day.With the increase of temperature and the sprouting and leaf expanding of tree,the water requirement also increases.During May 3 to 28,the averaged water demand is 4.4 mm per day.The higher soil content is,the more advantageous to the growth of young trees.During the sprouting and expanding leaf period,the soil content holding 50% to 65% of field water can sustain the normal growth of young trees.