我国水稻超高产育种若干问题讨论

Discussion on Some Issues of Rice Breeding for Super High Yield in China

我国1996年正式启动水稻超高产育种项目以来,迄今农业部共确认超级稻品种(组合)83个,推广面积达到全国水稻面积的20%。此间我国水稻单产在6.0～6.5t.hm-2之间波动,没有从根本上扭转徘徊不前的局面。针对上述问题,从籼粳稻杂交常规育种、亚种间杂种优势利用、光敏雄性不育与两系法、籼粳稻品质性状差异与遗传改良、超高产株型模式方面讨论了水稻超高产育种的遗传与生理基础。

Since rice breeding project for super high yield started in 1996,there have been 83 super high yield varieties（combinations） confirmed by Ministry of Agriculture,and extension area is now about 20% of the whole rice area.The average yield of rice fluctuates between 6.0 and 6.5 t·hm-2,and the yield breakthrough has not been achieved.Genetical and physiological basis of super rice breeding was discussed,including crossing between indica and japonica for inbreed rice breeding,utilization of subspecies heterosis,photosensitive male sterility two-line hybrid rice,difference and genetic improvement of quality between indica and japonica rice,and plant type of super high yield.