芝麻镰孢茎枯病菌生物学特性研究

Biological Characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum of the Sesame Stem Blight Causal Agent

对芝麻镰孢茎枯病病原菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:病菌菌丝在供试10种培养基上均能良好生长,在查氏琼脂培养基和液体培养基上生长较快;菌丝生长温度范围10～30℃,最适温度25℃;最适pH值为7;光照抑制菌丝生长,菌丝致死温度为64℃10min。病原菌在VBC培养基上易于产孢,产生的孢子多为大型分生孢子,而在CA培养基上产生小型分生孢子较多;产孢温度范围10～30℃,最适30℃,最适pH值为9。分生孢子萌发适宜碳源为1%木糖溶液,适宜氮源为0.01%脲溶液;分生孢子在10～30℃温度间均能萌发,最适25℃;萌发最适pH值为8,光照抑制孢子萌发,分生孢子致死温度52℃10min。

The biological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum of the sesame stem blight was studied.The results showed that the mycelium could grow well on all of the 10 culture media in the experiment,especially on Czapek and liquid media.The mycelium could grow on the condition of temperature from 10℃ to 30℃ and with 25℃ the optimum.The optimal pH was 7.The mycelium grew slowly under illumination.The mycelium could not survive on 64℃ for 10 min.For the spore production of the pathogen,the optimum medium was VBC,mostly large-scale style,but the ones that produced on CA were mainly small-scale type.The spore could be produced on the condition of temperature from 10℃ to 30℃,and with 25℃ the optimum.The optimal pH for spore production was 9.The conidia germination needed some special nutritions,with best carbohydrates of 1% xylose and nitrogens of 0.01% carbamide.The Conidia germinated under temperature from 10℃ to 30℃ and with 25℃ the optimum.The optimal pH was 8.Illumination inhibit spore germination.Spores could not survie on 52℃ for 10min.