章学诚的传记思想与方志理论的关系

The Relationship between Zhang Xuecheng's Biographical Thoughts and Local Records Theories

章学诚欲将方志由"考地理沿革"改变成"保存一方文献",以备"国史要删"的"古国史",因此人物志成为方志的核心。基于地方志人物传的编撰特点,章学诚批评古文家由于缺乏史识、好为应酬之作,重形式而不注重内容真切与否,开启了后世传记浮华之风。在对古今传记批评的基础上,章学诚提出"据事直书,善否自见"的传记准则,使得传记传统由文学再次向史学回归。在改造方志人物传的过程中,章学诚又从材料选编标准、体式等多方面出发,纠正了方志人物容易类型化的缺陷,充分保留了传记人物的真实性情。

Zhang Xuecheng intended to change local records from 'exploring geographical evolution' into the kind of 'ancient country history' to 'save the literature of a certain place' as 'references for recording national history',and therefore biography became the core of local records.Based on the compilation characteristics of biography in local records,Zhang Xuecheng criticized the classical authors for their lack of historical knowledge,for their liking in writing for socializing purposes,for their emphasis on forms instead of true and meaningful substance,and for their leading role in the popularization of the showy and flashy style of biography writing in later generations.On the bases of reviewing ancient and contemporary biographies,Zhang Xuecheng promoted 'straightforward writing according to facts and allowing the facts to speak for themselves' as a biographical standard,which led to the once again return of biographical tradition from a literary tendency to its historical nature.In the course of reforming biography in local records,Zhang Xuecheng started from a number of issues such as materials selection criterion,styles and forms,corrected the deficiency of stereotyping tendency in local records biography,and fully retained the true characters of biographical personage.