生活方式干预对农村居民慢病及相关知识、态度及行为的影响

Impact of lifestyle intervention on knowledge,attitude and behavior of chronic diseases and their risk factors in rural residents

目的了解生活方式干预对农村居民慢性非传染性疾病(简称慢病)及其相关知识、态度和行为改变的影响。方法在山东省中西部八个县(市、区)部分乡村,采取发放宣传材料、盐勺、油壶、制作宣传栏、举办健康教育课堂等形式对农村居民进行慢病防治知识宣传与行为生活方式干预,采取随机抽样方法进行人群干预效果调查。结果除高血压病防治基本知识外,干预人群对健康知识的知晓率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。干预和对照人群在对待膳食中盐油与血压、血脂关系的态度差别最大,干预人群明显优于对照人群,相差20%～40%。干预人群盐、油摄入量分别为11.18、32.72 g/(人.d),低于对照人群[分别为12.67、38.57 g/(人.d),P<0.01],盐、油摄入达标率(15.5%和53.3%)均高于对照人群(9.4%和36.6%)。结论生活方式干预显著提高了农村居民对慢病相关健康知识的知晓率,明显地改善了他们对待健康相关问题的态度,生活行为方式发生了一定程度的转变,但健康生活方式仍未形成,需要长期坚持不懈的健康教育和健康促进行动。

Objective To explore the impact of lifestyle intervention on knowledge,attitude and behavior of chronic diseases and their risk factors in rural residents.Methods Education and behavior intervention were performed for rural residents in the middle and western areas of Shandong province.A random sampling method was used for the effectiveness evaluation of intervention.Results The awareness rate of health knowledge was higher in intervention group than that in control group（P〈0.01）.There were significant differences（20-40%） in attitudes toward the relationships between hypertension,hyperlipidemia and high levels of salt and fat intake.The salt and oil intakes were significantly lower in intervention group（11.18 and 32.72 g/person·d,respectively） than those in control（12.67 and 38.57 g/person·d,respectively）（P〈0.01）.The intervention group had higher rates of healthy levels of salt and oil intakes（15.5% and 53.3%）than those in control group（9.4% and 36.6%）.Conclusion The lifestyle intervention increased the awareness rates of healthy knowledge and chronic disease risks in rural residents.Continuous efforts of health education and health promotion activities should be given to rural residents.