中国古代园寝制度释义及探源

A probe and Paraphrase into the Source of the Chinese Ancient Tomb System

中国历代帝王对陵墓制度及祭祀礼向来倍加重视,这是一种推崇皇权、维护专制统治的手段。然而在帝王及其他皇室宗亲墓葬的名称指代上,却一直缺乏清晰的脉络,直到明、清两朝,帝、后、妃及王室宗亲墓葬的名称、建筑规制日益明确,本文追溯"园"、"寝"、"陵"、"园寝"、"陵寝"等关键字、词的原始含义,解读字或词背后所蕴涵的历史信息,说明彼此不同的指代范围,并力求还原历朝帝王和皇亲宗室墓葬名称的演变历程,区分"陵寝"和"园寝"的准确定义,以求对中国古代陵墓制度作出补充。

The Chinese emperors always regarded the mausoleum systems and the sacrificial rites as the instruments of canonizing imperial power and maintaining autocratic rule in the past dynasties.There are no clear designations of the emperors and other royal clans＇ grave until Ming and Qing Dynasty.The denominations and the architectural systems of the emperors,the empresses,the imperial concubines and other royal clans＇ graves were made clear during that period.This paper assigns the origin of the Key words：＇ fundamental meanings,analyses the historical information behind the words and illustrates the ranges what ＂Yuan＂,＂Qin＂,＂Ling＂,＂Tomb＂ and ＂Mausoleum＂ refer to.Besides it strives for illuminating the differences between ＂mausoleums＂ and ＂tombs＂,and it also attempts to provide supplement for Chinese ancient mausoleum system.