袁世凯与晚清宪政改革——兼谈袁世凯与宫廷各派之间的关系

Yuan Shikai and the constitutional reforms in the Late Qing Dynasty

袁世凯不仅促成了清廷预备立宪,而且还在预备立宪的过程中,做了一些别人做不到的事情。袁世凯在直隶试行立宪政治与改革,实际上是配合中央的宪政改革而进行的,其目的是为地方仿行立宪作出表率。尤其地方自治的实行,为接受新式教育的绅商活跃于各级地方政府的政治舞台创造了条件,有利于改变传统的地方和基层权力结构,使地方政治体制逐渐发生转型,朝着民主政治的方向发展。袁世凯的所作所为对近代中国政治的近代化起了一定的推动作用。

Yuan Shikai not only successfully carried out preparations for constitutionalism but also did some things that other people could not have done.In reality,the constitutional politics and reform Yuan Shikai tried in Zhli was to support the central government＇s constitutional reform and his purpose was to set an example for local governments.The implementation of local autonomy provided favourable conditions for gentry merchants who had received new-type education to ascend the political stage of local governments at all levels,which helped to change traditional local and basic level power structures,transform local political system gradually and make it develop toward democratic politics.What Yuan Shikai did promoted the modernization of modern Chinese politics to some extent.