时代的救赎:两种不同的时代救亡方式——新文化运动与五四运动的辨别

The salvation of the times:two different ways of salvation——Discussion on the difference between the New Culture Movement and the May Fourth Movement

学术界大都认为广义的"五四运动"包括了"新文化运动";在词语使用习惯上,或将两者替换使用,或合并为"五四新文化运动"使用,代称该时期发生的一系列复杂的事情。两者关系之密切由此可知。但两者之间还是有着较大的区别。"新文化运动"最初名称不一,甚至被认为是敌人的诋毁称呼,只是到了后来才被逐渐为大多数人所认同;"五四运动"则最初是指发生在1919年5月4日的学生运动。实际上,"新文化运动"是针对辛亥革命之后的社会现状所进行的思想文化补课,属于思想文化层面上的救亡,具有间接性;而"五四运动"则是爱国情感的直接表达,指向当时的国际国内政治问题,属于政治层面上的救亡,具有直接指向性。两者虽有联系,但不宜混淆,因为这样必会遮蔽其中一者的主体地位。

The academic circles commonly believe that the May Fourth Movement indudes the New Culture Movement.The two terms can be substituted or combined to be the May Fourth New Culture Movement habitually to refer to a series of complicated events took place in the period,from which the close relationship between them can be seen.However,they are quite different from each other.There were different names for the New Culture Movement at the beginning.The New Culture Movement was even considered to be the enemy＇s slander,and it was later that the term was gradually accepted by the majority of people.The May Fourth Movement originally referred to the students movement took place on May 4th,1919.In fact,the New Culture Movement was an ideological and cultural make-up-lesson in accordance with the actual situations after the 1911 Revolution.It belonged to salvation at ideological and cultural level and was of indireect nature.However,the May Fourth Movement was a direct expression of patriotic emotion.It concerned international and domestic political issues of the period.It belonged to salvation at political level and was of direct nature.The two movements are connected with each other,but they should not be confused,since confusion will cover the subject position of one of them.